
Fundamentals
In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, Digital Transformation is no longer a luxury but a necessity for businesses of all sizes, especially for SMBs. For these smaller entities, often operating with leaner resources and tighter margins, navigating the complexities of digital adoption while ensuring business continuity Meaning ● Ensuring SMB operational survival and growth through proactive planning and resilience building. is paramount. This is where the concept of Digital Transformation Resilience becomes critically important. Let’s begin by understanding the simple meaning of this term.

Defining Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs
At its most fundamental level, Digital Transformation Resilience for an SMB can be understood as the ability of the business to not only implement digital technologies but also to withstand and recover from disruptions that may arise during or after this implementation. The Definition here encompasses more than just bouncing back from technical failures; it includes the capacity to adapt to unexpected changes in the market, operational challenges, and even internal resistance to digital change. Think of it as building a robust digital foundation that can weather storms, ensuring that the business not only survives but thrives in the face of adversity.
To further Clarify, consider an SMB retail store deciding to move its sales online. This is a digital transformation Meaning ● Digital Transformation for SMBs: Strategic tech integration to boost efficiency, customer experience, and growth. initiative. Resilience in this context means ensuring that if their new e-commerce platform faces a cyberattack, or if there’s a sudden shift in customer preference towards mobile shopping, the business can quickly adapt and continue serving its customers without significant loss. It’s about proactive planning and building in safeguards, both technical and operational, to minimize the impact of potential disruptions.
The Meaning of resilience here is deeply intertwined with the long-term sustainability of the SMB. It’s not just about surviving a single crisis, but about building a business that is inherently adaptable and can continuously evolve in the digital age. For SMBs, this often means leveraging technology in a way that enhances their agility and responsiveness, rather than making them rigid and vulnerable.

Key Components of Fundamental Digital Transformation Resilience
Several key components contribute to building fundamental Digital Transformation Resilience within an SMB. These are not complex, but rather foundational elements that any SMB can start implementing today:
- Robust Cybersecurity Basics ● This is the first line of defense. For SMBs, this means implementing basic cybersecurity measures like strong passwords, regular software updates, firewalls, and antivirus software. It’s about protecting sensitive data and systems from common threats. The Significance of this cannot be overstated, as cyberattacks can cripple an SMB, leading to financial losses and reputational damage.
- Data Backup and Recovery ● Data is the lifeblood of any modern business. Regularly backing up critical data and having a clear recovery plan is essential. This ensures that in case of data loss due to hardware failure, cyberattack, or human error, the SMB can quickly restore its operations. The Intention here is to minimize downtime and data loss, ensuring business continuity.
- Basic Cloud Adoption for Flexibility ● Embracing cloud services for essential functions like data storage, email, or CRM can significantly enhance resilience. Cloud solutions offer scalability, accessibility, and often built-in redundancy, making them more resilient than on-premise systems, especially for SMBs with limited IT resources. The Essence of cloud adoption in this context is to create a more flexible and adaptable IT infrastructure.
- Employee Training on Digital Tools Meaning ● Digital tools, in the realm of Small and Medium-sized Businesses, represent software and online platforms designed to enhance operational efficiency, drive business growth, and automate key processes. and Security ● Employees are often the first point of contact with digital systems and also the first line of defense against cyber threats. Basic training on using digital tools effectively and securely is crucial. This includes training on identifying phishing attempts, using software correctly, and understanding basic data security Meaning ● Data Security, in the context of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, represents the policies, practices, and technologies deployed to safeguard digital assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. protocols. The Implication of this training is a more digitally literate and security-conscious workforce.
These components, while seemingly simple, form the bedrock of Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs. Implementing these fundamentals is not a one-time project but an ongoing process of maintenance and improvement. It’s about building a culture of digital awareness and preparedness within the SMB.

Practical Implementation for SMBs ● A Step-By-Step Approach
For an SMB looking to implement these fundamental resilience measures, a step-by-step approach is often the most effective. Overwhelming an SMB with complex strategies can be counterproductive. Instead, focusing on incremental improvements and building upon successes is key.
- Assess Current Digital Maturity and Vulnerabilities ● The first step is to understand where the SMB currently stands in its digital journey and identify potential vulnerabilities. This could involve a simple self-assessment or a consultation with a basic IT service provider. The Description of the current state is crucial for targeted improvements.
- Prioritize and Focus on Quick Wins ● Identify the most critical areas to address first. For many SMBs, this might be cybersecurity basics and data backup. Focus on implementing these measures effectively before moving on to more complex areas. The Specification of priorities ensures efficient resource allocation.
- Leverage Affordable and User-Friendly Solutions ● SMBs often operate on tight budgets. Prioritize affordable and user-friendly digital tools and services. Many cloud-based solutions offer SMB-friendly pricing and are designed for ease of use. The Designation of cost-effective solutions is vital for SMB adoption.
- Start Small and Scale Gradually ● Avoid trying to implement everything at once. Start with pilot projects or small-scale implementations to test and refine strategies before rolling them out across the entire business. This iterative approach minimizes risk and allows for adjustments based on real-world experience. The Explication of a phased approach reduces implementation complexity.
- Regularly Review and Update ● Digital Transformation Resilience is not a static state. The threat landscape and technology landscape are constantly evolving. Regularly review and update security measures, data backup plans, and digital strategies to ensure they remain effective. The Statement of ongoing review emphasizes continuous improvement.
By following these steps, SMBs can build a solid foundation of Digital Transformation Resilience without overwhelming their resources or disrupting their core operations. It’s about taking a pragmatic and incremental approach, focusing on building core capabilities first and then expanding as the business grows and evolves in its digital journey.
Fundamental Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs is about building a basic, yet robust, digital foundation that allows them to withstand common disruptions and continue operating effectively in the digital age.

Intermediate
Building upon the fundamentals, we now delve into an intermediate understanding of Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs. At this level, we move beyond basic safeguards and explore more strategic and nuanced approaches to ensure resilience in the face of increasingly complex digital challenges. The Interpretation of resilience now extends to encompass proactive risk management, strategic technology adoption, and organizational adaptability.

Expanding the Definition ● Proactive Resilience and Strategic Adaptation
The Definition of Digital Transformation Resilience at an intermediate level shifts from simply reacting to disruptions to proactively anticipating and mitigating them. It’s about building systems and processes that are inherently designed to be resilient, rather than just adding resilience as an afterthought. This involves a deeper understanding of potential risks associated with digital transformation and developing strategies to address them before they materialize.
Furthermore, the Meaning of resilience now includes strategic adaptation. It’s not just about bouncing back to the previous state, but about leveraging disruptions as opportunities for growth and innovation. For SMBs, this could mean pivoting business models, adopting new technologies, or even identifying new market opportunities in response to digital challenges. Resilience becomes a driver of evolution, not just survival.
To Elucidate this further, consider an SMB manufacturing company that has implemented automation in its production line. Intermediate resilience would involve not only having backup systems in case of automation failures but also having contingency plans for supply chain disruptions caused by global events, or shifts in market demand due to emerging technologies. It’s about a holistic approach to resilience that considers both internal and external factors.

Intermediate Components of Digital Transformation Resilience
At the intermediate level, the components of Digital Transformation Resilience become more sophisticated and strategically integrated into the SMB’s operations:
- Advanced Cybersecurity Measures ● Moving beyond basic cybersecurity, intermediate resilience involves implementing more advanced measures such as intrusion detection systems, security information and event management (SIEM) systems, and regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing. The Significance of these measures is to proactively identify and address security weaknesses before they are exploited.
- Redundant and Distributed IT Infrastructure ● For SMBs increasingly reliant on digital operations, having redundant IT infrastructure is crucial. This could involve using multiple cloud providers, geographically distributed data centers, and backup communication systems. The Intention here is to ensure business continuity even in the face of major infrastructure failures or regional disruptions.
- Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning (BCDR) ● Developing a comprehensive BCDR plan is a hallmark of intermediate resilience. This plan outlines procedures for responding to various types of disruptions, including cyberattacks, natural disasters, and operational failures. It includes steps for data recovery, system restoration, and communication protocols. The Essence of BCDR planning is to minimize downtime and ensure a swift return to normal operations.
- Agile and Adaptive Organizational Structure ● Resilience is not just about technology; it’s also about organizational structure and culture. Adopting agile methodologies and fostering a culture of adaptability Meaning ● Culture of Adaptability: SMB's proactive organizational ethos to readily and effectively respond to dynamic changes for sustained growth. allows SMBs to respond quickly to changing circumstances. This includes empowering employees to make decisions, promoting cross-functional collaboration, and embracing continuous learning. The Implication of an agile structure is enhanced responsiveness and innovation.
- Supply Chain Resilience and Diversification ● For SMBs involved in manufacturing or distribution, supply chain resilience Meaning ● Supply Chain Resilience for SMBs: Building adaptive capabilities to withstand disruptions and ensure business continuity. is critical. This involves diversifying suppliers, building buffer inventories, and implementing digital tools for supply chain visibility and management. The Connotation of supply chain resilience is reduced vulnerability to external disruptions.
These intermediate components require a more strategic and integrated approach to Digital Transformation Resilience. They are not just add-ons but are woven into the fabric of the SMB’s operations and strategy.

Practical Implementation for SMBs ● Strategic and Integrated Approach
Implementing intermediate resilience measures requires a more strategic and integrated approach. It’s about moving beyond tactical fixes and building resilience into the SMB’s DNA.
- Conduct a Comprehensive Risk Assessment ● Start with a thorough risk assessment to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities across all aspects of the SMB’s digital operations. This assessment should consider both internal and external risks, including cyber threats, operational disruptions, and market changes. The Description of potential risks is the foundation for targeted resilience strategies.
- Develop a Strategic BCDR Plan ● Based on the risk assessment, develop a detailed BCDR plan that outlines specific procedures for responding to identified risks. This plan should be regularly tested and updated to ensure its effectiveness. The Specification of response procedures ensures preparedness for various scenarios.
- Invest in Redundant and Secure IT Infrastructure ● Strategically invest in redundant and secure IT infrastructure, leveraging cloud services and distributed systems where appropriate. Prioritize solutions that offer scalability, reliability, and robust security features. The Designation of resilient infrastructure is a key investment in long-term stability.
- Foster a Culture of Adaptability and Continuous Improvement ● Cultivate an organizational culture that embraces change, encourages innovation, and promotes continuous learning. This involves empowering employees, fostering collaboration, and providing training on new technologies and resilience strategies. The Explication of cultural change highlights the human element of resilience.
- Implement Supply Chain Resilience Strategies ● For relevant SMBs, implement strategies to enhance supply chain resilience, such as supplier diversification, inventory management, and digital supply chain tracking. The Statement of supply chain measures addresses external vulnerabilities.
- Regularly Test and Exercise Resilience Plans ● Resilience plans are only effective if they are regularly tested and exercised. Conduct drills and simulations to identify weaknesses and refine procedures. This ensures that the SMB is truly prepared to respond to disruptions. The Import of regular testing is validated preparedness.
By adopting this strategic and integrated approach, SMBs can significantly enhance their Digital Transformation Resilience and position themselves for sustained success in the face of increasingly complex digital challenges. It’s about moving from reactive to proactive resilience, and from simply surviving disruptions to leveraging them as opportunities for growth and innovation.
Intermediate Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs is about proactively anticipating risks, strategically building resilience into operations, and fostering an adaptive organizational culture to thrive amidst digital disruptions.

Advanced
At the advanced level, the Meaning of Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs transcends operational continuity and strategic adaptation, evolving into a complex, multi-faceted construct deeply intertwined with organizational theory, technological innovation, and socio-economic dynamics. This section aims to provide an expert-level Definition and Interpretation, drawing upon scholarly research and data to redefine and analyze Digital Transformation Resilience within the SMB context.

Advanced Definition and Meaning of Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs
After a rigorous analysis of existing literature and considering the unique operational and resource constraints of SMBs, we arrive at the following advanced Definition of Digital Transformation Resilience:
Digital Transformation Resilience (SMB-Specific) ● The emergent organizational capability of a Small to Medium-sized Business to proactively anticipate, effectively absorb, rapidly adapt to, and strategically learn from digitally-induced disruptions and transformations, thereby ensuring sustained operational viability, competitive advantage, and value creation within a dynamic and uncertain digital ecosystem.
This Definition emphasizes several key aspects crucial for an advanced understanding:
- Emergent Capability ● Resilience is not a static attribute but an evolving capability that emerges from the interplay of organizational resources, processes, and culture. It is cultivated and refined over time through experience and learning.
- Proactive Anticipation ● Moving beyond reactive responses, advanced resilience stresses the importance of foresight and proactive risk management. This involves scenario planning, horizon scanning, and predictive analytics to anticipate potential disruptions.
- Effective Absorption ● Resilience includes the capacity to absorb the initial shock of a disruption without catastrophic failure. This requires robust systems, redundancy, and buffer capacity.
- Rapid Adaptation ● Timely and effective adaptation is critical. This involves agility, flexibility, and the ability to reconfigure resources and processes quickly in response to changing circumstances.
- Strategic Learning ● Resilience is not just about surviving disruptions but also about learning from them. This involves post-disruption analysis, knowledge codification, and organizational learning to improve future resilience.
- Digitally-Induced Disruptions and Transformations ● The focus is specifically on disruptions and transformations driven by digital technologies, recognizing the unique challenges and opportunities they present.
- Sustained Operational Viability, Competitive Advantage, and Value Creation ● The ultimate goal of resilience is not just survival but sustained success. This includes maintaining operational viability, gaining or maintaining competitive advantage, and continuously creating value for stakeholders.
- Dynamic and Uncertain Digital Ecosystem ● Resilience is contextualized within the rapidly changing and unpredictable digital ecosystem, acknowledging the inherent uncertainty and complexity of the digital age.
The Meaning of this advanced Definition is profound. It positions Digital Transformation Resilience as a strategic imperative for SMBs, not merely an operational necessity. It highlights the dynamic and proactive nature of resilience, emphasizing continuous learning Meaning ● Continuous Learning, in the context of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, denotes a sustained commitment to skill enhancement and knowledge acquisition at all organizational levels. and adaptation. The Significance lies in recognizing resilience as a source of competitive advantage Meaning ● SMB Competitive Advantage: Ecosystem-embedded, hyper-personalized value, sustained by strategic automation, ensuring resilience & impact. and long-term value creation in the digital economy.

Cross-Sectorial Business Influences and Multi-Cultural Aspects
To further enrich our advanced understanding, it’s crucial to analyze cross-sectorial business influences and multi-cultural aspects that impact Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs. Different sectors face unique digital transformation challenges and have varying levels of digital maturity. Similarly, cultural contexts significantly shape organizational approaches to resilience.

Cross-Sectorial Influences:
Consider the following sector-specific influences on Digital Transformation Resilience:
- Retail SMBs ● Heavily influenced by e-commerce trends, customer data privacy Meaning ● Data privacy for SMBs is the responsible handling of personal data to build trust and enable sustainable business growth. regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), and cybersecurity threats targeting online transactions. Resilience in retail often focuses on robust e-commerce platforms, secure payment gateways, and agile supply chains to handle fluctuating online demand. The Import of data security and agile operations is paramount.
- Manufacturing SMBs ● Impacted by Industry 4.0 technologies, supply chain digitalization, and cybersecurity risks associated with interconnected industrial control systems (ICS). Resilience in manufacturing emphasizes operational technology (OT) security, predictive maintenance, and flexible production systems capable of adapting to supply chain disruptions. The Purport of OT security and production flexibility is critical.
- Healthcare SMBs (e.g., Small Clinics, Dental Practices) ● Subject to stringent data privacy regulations Meaning ● Data Privacy Regulations for SMBs are strategic imperatives, not just compliance, driving growth, trust, and competitive edge in the digital age. (e.g., HIPAA), telehealth adoption, and cybersecurity threats targeting patient data. Resilience in healthcare focuses on data security, business continuity for patient care, and compliance with evolving digital health regulations. The Denotation of data privacy and patient care continuity is central.
- Financial Services SMBs (e.g., Small Accounting Firms, Financial Advisors) ● Influenced by Fintech innovations, cybersecurity threats targeting financial data, and regulatory compliance Meaning ● Regulatory compliance for SMBs means ethically aligning with rules while strategically managing resources for sustainable growth. (e.g., PCI DSS). Resilience in finance emphasizes data security, regulatory compliance, and the ability to adapt to disruptive Fintech technologies. The Substance of financial data security and regulatory adherence is key.
These cross-sectorial examples highlight that Digital Transformation Resilience is not a one-size-fits-all concept. SMBs in different sectors require tailored resilience strategies that address their specific digital challenges and regulatory environments. The Essence of sector-specific resilience is targeted and relevant strategies.

Multi-Cultural Aspects:
Cultural dimensions also significantly influence how SMBs approach Digital Transformation Resilience. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory provides a useful framework for understanding these influences:
- Power Distance ● In high power distance cultures, hierarchical structures may hinder agile responses to disruptions. Resilience strategies may need to focus on empowering lower-level employees to take initiative during crises. In low power distance cultures, flatter structures may facilitate faster adaptation.
- Individualism Vs. Collectivism ● Individualistic cultures may emphasize individual accountability for resilience, while collectivistic cultures may prioritize team-based resilience efforts and mutual support during disruptions.
- Uncertainty Avoidance ● Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance may be more risk-averse and prioritize robust planning and preventative measures for resilience. Cultures with low uncertainty avoidance may be more comfortable with ambiguity and emphasize adaptability and improvisation during disruptions.
- Long-Term Orientation Vs. Short-Term Orientation ● Long-term oriented cultures may invest more in long-term resilience building and strategic foresight. Short-term oriented cultures may focus on immediate responses and quick fixes.
Understanding these multi-cultural nuances is crucial for multinational SMBs or SMBs operating in diverse cultural contexts. Resilience strategies need to be culturally sensitive and adapted to the specific cultural values and norms of the organization and its operating environment. The Connotation of cultural sensitivity in resilience strategies is global applicability and effectiveness.
Advanced Digital Transformation Resilience for SMBs is a dynamic, emergent capability shaped by sector-specific challenges and cultural contexts, requiring proactive anticipation, strategic adaptation, and continuous learning for sustained success in the digital age.

In-Depth Business Analysis ● Focusing on Cybersecurity Resilience for SMBs in the Financial Services Sector
To provide an in-depth business analysis, let’s focus on Cybersecurity Resilience for SMBs specifically within the Financial Services Sector. This sector is particularly vulnerable and heavily regulated, making cybersecurity resilience Meaning ● Cybersecurity resilience, for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), signifies the capacity to maintain continuous business operations amid cyberattacks and system failures, specifically within the contexts of growth strategies, automated processes, and technological implementations. a paramount concern.

Challenges and Vulnerabilities:
Financial Services SMBs face a unique set of cybersecurity challenges:
- High-Value Data ● They handle highly sensitive financial and personal data, making them prime targets for cybercriminals seeking financial gain or identity theft.
- Regulatory Scrutiny ● They are subject to stringent regulations like PCI DSS, GDPR, and local financial data protection laws, requiring robust cybersecurity measures and compliance reporting.
- Sophisticated Cyber Threats ● They face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, including ransomware, phishing attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs) targeting financial institutions.
- Limited Resources ● Compared to large financial institutions, SMBs often have limited budgets and in-house cybersecurity expertise, making it challenging to implement and maintain comprehensive security measures.
- Supply Chain Risks ● They rely on various third-party vendors for software, cloud services, and other IT solutions, introducing supply chain cybersecurity risks.

Strategies for Enhancing Cybersecurity Resilience:
To enhance Cybersecurity Resilience, Financial Services SMBs should adopt a multi-layered approach encompassing technology, processes, and people:
- Implement a Robust Cybersecurity Framework ● Adopt a recognized cybersecurity framework Meaning ● A Cybersecurity Framework is a structured guide for SMBs to manage and reduce cyber risks, enhancing resilience and trust. such as NIST Cybersecurity Framework or ISO 27001 to guide the development and implementation of security policies and controls. This provides a structured and comprehensive approach to cybersecurity. The Delineation of a framework ensures structured security.
- Invest in Advanced Security Technologies ● Beyond basic security measures, invest in advanced technologies such as ●
- Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) ● For real-time threat detection and response on endpoints.
- Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) ● For centralized security monitoring and incident analysis.
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) ● For enhanced access control and identity verification.
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP) ● To prevent sensitive data from leaving the organization.
- Vulnerability Management and Penetration Testing ● For proactive identification and remediation of security weaknesses.
The Explication of advanced technologies highlights proactive security measures.
- Develop a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan (IRP) ● Create a detailed IRP that outlines procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents, including detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident activity. Regularly test and update the IRP. The Statement of an IRP ensures incident preparedness.
- Enhance Employee Cybersecurity Awareness Training ● Conduct regular and comprehensive cybersecurity awareness training for all employees, focusing on phishing awareness, password security, data handling best practices, and incident reporting procedures. Human error is a major factor in cybersecurity breaches, making employee training Meaning ● Employee Training in SMBs is a structured process to equip employees with necessary skills and knowledge for current and future roles, driving business growth. crucial. The Clarification of employee training emphasizes the human element of security.
- Manage Third-Party Risks ● Implement a robust third-party risk management Meaning ● Risk management, in the realm of small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), constitutes a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential threats to business objectives, growth, and operational stability. program to assess and mitigate cybersecurity risks associated with vendors and partners. This includes security due diligence, contract clauses, and ongoing monitoring. The Designation of third-party risk management addresses supply chain vulnerabilities.
- Cyber Insurance ● Consider obtaining cyber insurance to mitigate the financial impact of potential cybersecurity breaches, covering costs related to data breach response, legal fees, and regulatory fines. The Description of cyber insurance highlights financial risk mitigation.

Possible Business Outcomes for SMBs:
Investing in Cybersecurity Resilience yields significant positive business outcomes for Financial Services SMBs:
- Enhanced Customer Trust Meaning ● Customer trust for SMBs is the confident reliance customers have in your business to consistently deliver value, act ethically, and responsibly use technology. and Loyalty ● Demonstrating strong cybersecurity posture builds customer trust and loyalty, crucial in the financial services sector where trust is paramount. Customers are more likely to choose and remain with SMBs that they perceive as secure and trustworthy. The Significance of customer trust is enhanced business reputation.
- Regulatory Compliance and Avoidance of Penalties ● Robust cybersecurity measures ensure compliance with relevant regulations, avoiding hefty fines and legal repercussions. Compliance is not just a cost but also a business enabler, demonstrating responsible data handling. The Intention of compliance is regulatory adherence and risk mitigation.
- Reduced Financial Losses from Cyberattacks ● Proactive cybersecurity measures significantly reduce the likelihood and impact of successful cyberattacks, minimizing financial losses associated with data breaches, business disruption, and recovery costs. The Essence of cybersecurity investment is financial protection.
- Competitive Advantage ● In a market increasingly concerned about cybersecurity, SMBs with strong cybersecurity resilience can differentiate themselves from competitors and gain a competitive advantage. Cybersecurity becomes a selling point and a differentiator. The Implication of strong security is market differentiation.
- Improved Operational Efficiency ● While seemingly counterintuitive, well-implemented cybersecurity measures can improve operational efficiency by reducing downtime caused by cyber incidents and streamlining security processes. Proactive security is more efficient than reactive incident response. The Connotation of efficient security is streamlined operations.
- Increased Business Valuation ● Strong cybersecurity resilience can increase the overall valuation of the SMB, making it more attractive to investors or potential acquirers. Cybersecurity is increasingly considered a key factor in business valuation, especially in data-driven sectors. The Import of cybersecurity is enhanced business value.
In conclusion, for Financial Services SMBs, Cybersecurity Resilience is not merely an IT issue but a strategic business imperative. It is a critical factor for building customer trust, ensuring regulatory compliance, mitigating financial risks, gaining competitive advantage, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing business valuation. Investing in comprehensive cybersecurity resilience strategies is therefore a sound business decision with significant long-term benefits for SMBs in this sector.