
Fundamentals
Seventy percent of purchasing decisions are driven by how customers feel they are being treated, a statistic often glossed over in SMB strategy sessions fixated on spreadsheets and conversion rates.

Understanding Customer Feedback
Direct customer feedback, often considered rudimentary, forms the bedrock of empathy enhancement. It’s not about sophisticated algorithms initially; it’s about actively listening. Think of it as eavesdropping, but ethically and with consent. Customer service Meaning ● Customer service, within the context of SMB growth, involves providing assistance and support to customers before, during, and after a purchase, a vital function for business survival. interactions, for instance, are goldmines.
Transcripts from calls, emails, and chat logs reveal pain points, frustrations, and unmet needs in raw, unfiltered language. These aren’t just complaints; they are cries for understanding. Analyzing support tickets for recurring themes illuminates areas where the business is causing friction or failing to connect emotionally. A spike in tickets about confusing return policies, for example, signals a lack of consideration for the customer experience Meaning ● Customer Experience for SMBs: Holistic, subjective customer perception across all interactions, driving loyalty and growth. post-purchase.
It indicates a process designed for efficiency, perhaps, but not for ease or reassurance. Sentiment analysis Meaning ● Sentiment Analysis, for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), is a crucial business tool for understanding customer perception of their brand, products, or services. tools, even basic ones, can categorize feedback as positive, negative, or neutral, providing a quantitative overview of customer emotions. However, the real value resides in the qualitative details. Reading individual comments, observing the language used, and noting the intensity of expression provides a richer, more empathetic understanding than any aggregate score.
Empathy enhancement starts with simply paying attention to what customers are already telling you.

Leveraging Sales Interaction Data
Sales interactions, frequently viewed solely through the lens of revenue generation, offer another crucial data stream for empathy development. Sales teams are on the front lines, engaging directly with potential and current customers. Their notes, call summaries, and CRM entries capture valuable insights into customer motivations, hesitations, and personal contexts. Analyzing these interactions can reveal patterns in customer needs that extend beyond the transactional.
For example, consistent inquiries about flexible payment options might suggest financial anxieties within the customer base. Requests for more personalized product recommendations could indicate a desire for recognition and tailored solutions, rather than generic offerings. Tracking the reasons for lost deals is equally informative. Was it price, or was it a perceived lack of understanding or responsiveness to specific concerns?
Sales data, when examined with an empathetic mindset, moves beyond conversion metrics to become a narrative of customer aspirations and obstacles. It highlights where the sales process may be inadvertently creating barriers or failing to build rapport. Training sales teams to actively listen for emotional cues and document them alongside factual information enhances the empathy data pool significantly. This isn’t about manipulating customers; it’s about genuinely understanding their perspectives to offer solutions that truly resonate.

Social Media Listening
Social media, often dismissed as a vanity metric playground, provides a dynamic and often brutally honest reflection of customer sentiment. Monitoring social media channels for brand mentions, relevant hashtags, and industry conversations offers a real-time pulse on public perception. It’s like tapping into the collective consciousness of your customer base. Social listening tools can aggregate mentions and analyze sentiment at scale, but again, the deeper insights come from qualitative engagement.
Reading individual tweets, comments, and posts reveals the emotional tone and context behind the data points. Are customers expressing frustration with slow shipping times? Are they praising a particular employee for exceptional service? Are they sharing stories of how the product or service has impacted their lives positively or negatively?
Social media data is particularly valuable because it is often unsolicited and unfiltered. Customers express their opinions freely, without the constraints of a formal feedback form or customer service script. This raw authenticity provides a direct line to their emotional experiences. Responding to social media feedback, both positive and negative, publicly demonstrates empathy in action.
Acknowledging concerns, addressing complaints, and celebrating positive mentions shows customers that their voices are heard and valued. This active engagement builds trust and reinforces the message that the business cares about more than just transactions.

Basic Website Analytics
Website analytics, typically used to track traffic and conversions, can also offer subtle but significant clues about customer empathy. Analyzing user behavior on the website reveals areas of confusion, frustration, or unmet needs. High bounce rates on certain pages, for example, might indicate that the content is not resonating with visitors or that the information is difficult to find. Low conversion rates on product pages could suggest that customers are not feeling confident or understood in their purchasing journey.
Heatmaps and scroll maps visualize how users interact with web pages, highlighting areas where they are clicking, hovering, or abandoning the page. These visual representations can reveal usability issues that stem from a lack of empathetic design. Is the checkout process overly complicated or impersonal? Is the product information clear and accessible to customers with varying levels of technical expertise?
Analyzing search queries within the website search bar provides direct insight into what customers are looking for and not finding easily. These queries are often phrased in natural language, reflecting the customer’s own vocabulary and perspective. Optimizing website content and navigation based on these analytics not only improves user experience but also demonstrates a proactive effort to understand and address customer needs. It’s about designing a digital environment that feels intuitive, supportive, and considerate of the user’s journey.
Small businesses often overlook the empathy data already available in their daily operations, mistaking it for noise instead of valuable insight.

Simple Surveys and Polls
Surveys and polls, while sometimes perceived as intrusive, can be powerful tools for gathering targeted empathy data when implemented thoughtfully. The key is to ask questions that go beyond simple satisfaction scores and delve into customer emotions and motivations. Instead of asking “Are you satisfied with our service?”, consider questions like “How did our service make you feel?” or “What were you hoping to achieve when you contacted us?”. Open-ended questions, allowing customers to express themselves in their own words, provide richer qualitative data than multiple-choice options.
Keep surveys short and focused to maximize response rates and minimize customer fatigue. Offer incentives for participation, but avoid overly aggressive tactics that might feel manipulative. The goal is to gather genuine feedback, not just inflate survey numbers. Analyze survey responses not just for trends and averages, but also for individual stories and emotional expressions.
Look for recurring themes in customer sentiment and identify areas where the business is consistently meeting or missing emotional expectations. Use survey data to inform specific improvements in processes, products, or customer interactions. Closing the feedback loop by communicating changes made based on survey results demonstrates that customer voices are not only heard but also acted upon. This builds trust and reinforces the empathetic connection.
In essence, for SMBs, enhancing empathy through data begins with recognizing the wealth of information already at their fingertips. It is about shifting perspective, from viewing data solely as metrics to seeing it as stories ● stories of customer experiences, emotions, and unmet needs. It’s about listening actively, analyzing thoughtfully, and acting responsively, transforming data points into opportunities for deeper human connection.

Data Driven Empathy Strategies
The shift from rudimentary feedback collection to data-driven empathy Meaning ● Data-Driven Empathy, within the context of Small and Medium-sized Businesses (SMBs), is the practice of understanding and addressing customer needs by strategically utilizing data analytics. strategies marks a critical evolution for SMBs aiming for sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Moving beyond basic customer service logs requires a structured approach to data acquisition, analysis, and implementation, leveraging tools and methodologies that provide a more granular and predictive understanding of customer emotions.

Advanced CRM Data Utilization
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, when strategically configured and utilized, become powerful engines for empathy enhancement. Moving beyond basic contact information and transaction history, advanced CRM utilization involves capturing and analyzing a broader spectrum of customer data Meaning ● Customer Data, in the sphere of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, represents the total collection of information pertaining to a business's customers; it is gathered, structured, and leveraged to gain deeper insights into customer behavior, preferences, and needs to inform strategic business decisions. points. This includes detailed interaction logs across all channels ● not just support tickets, but also marketing campaign responses, website activity, and social media engagements. Segmenting customers based on behavioral data, purchase patterns, and expressed preferences allows for a more personalized and empathetic approach to communication and service delivery.
For example, identifying high-value customers who have recently experienced a service issue allows for proactive outreach and tailored resolution efforts. Tracking customer journey Meaning ● The Customer Journey, within the context of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, represents a visualization of the end-to-end experience a customer has with an SMB. touchpoints within the CRM reveals pain points and friction areas across the entire customer lifecycle. Analyzing drop-off rates at specific stages, such as during onboarding or renewal, highlights areas where empathy interventions are most needed. Integrating sentiment analysis tools with the CRM system automates the process of identifying emotionally charged interactions, flagging cases requiring immediate attention or escalated empathy.
Utilizing CRM data to personalize marketing communications, tailoring messaging and offers based on individual customer profiles and expressed needs, demonstrates a deeper level of understanding and care. This moves marketing beyond generic broadcasts to become empathetic conversations.
Data-driven empathy is not about automation replacing human connection; it’s about augmenting human capabilities with intelligent insights.

Market Research for Empathy Mapping
Market research, often perceived as a tool for product development and market sizing, can be repurposed for empathy mapping and deeper customer understanding. Qualitative research methods, such as focus groups and in-depth interviews, provide rich insights into customer motivations, values, and emotional drivers. These methods move beyond surface-level opinions to uncover the underlying reasons behind customer behaviors and preferences. Empathy mapping, a visual tool derived from design thinking, synthesizes qualitative research data to create a holistic representation of the customer’s world ● what they say, think, feel, and do.
This process helps businesses step into the customer’s shoes and understand their experiences from an emotional perspective. Analyzing competitor data through an empathy lens can reveal unmet customer needs and emotional gaps in the market. Identifying areas where competitors are failing to connect with customers emotionally creates opportunities for differentiation and empathetic positioning. Using market research Meaning ● Market research, within the context of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, is the systematic gathering, analysis, and interpretation of data regarding a specific market. to understand cultural nuances and demographic variations in customer empathy Meaning ● Customer Empathy, within the SMB landscape, centers on profoundly understanding a client's needs and pain points, driving informed business decisions related to growth strategies. expectations allows for tailored strategies across different segments.
What resonates emotionally with one group may not resonate with another. Quantitative surveys, when designed with empathy in mind, can validate qualitative findings and quantify the prevalence of specific emotional needs and preferences across a larger customer base. Combining qualitative and quantitative market research provides a comprehensive understanding of customer empathy at scale, informing strategic decisions across product development, marketing, and customer service.

Employee Feedback and Internal Empathy Data
Employee feedback, often undervalued as a source of business intelligence, offers a unique perspective on customer empathy. Frontline employees, particularly those in customer-facing roles, are exposed to a constant stream of customer emotions and experiences. Their insights are invaluable for understanding the day-to-day realities of customer interactions and identifying systemic empathy gaps. Implementing structured feedback mechanisms for employees, such as regular surveys, feedback sessions, and suggestion boxes, creates channels for capturing this valuable data.
Analyzing employee feedback Meaning ● Employee feedback is the systematic process of gathering and utilizing employee input to improve business operations and employee experience within SMBs. for recurring themes and patterns related to customer emotions and experiences reveals areas where internal processes or policies may be hindering empathy. For example, employees may consistently report frustration with rigid return policies or lack of empowerment to resolve customer issues. Utilizing employee feedback to improve internal training programs, focusing on empathy skills and emotional intelligence for customer-facing teams, enhances the overall customer experience. Creating internal empathy maps, similar to customer empathy maps but focused on employee experiences and perspectives, can identify internal barriers to empathy and areas for improvement in employee support and empowerment.
Analyzing employee turnover data, particularly in customer-facing roles, through an empathy lens can reveal systemic issues related to employee burnout or lack of emotional support. High turnover rates may signal a need for greater internal empathy and employee well-being initiatives. Recognizing and rewarding employees who consistently demonstrate empathy in their customer interactions reinforces the importance of empathy as a core business value. This creates a culture of empathy that extends both internally and externally.

Operational Data and Process Empathy
Operational data, often viewed solely through the lens of efficiency and cost optimization, can be reinterpreted to reveal opportunities for process empathy. Analyzing process workflows from the customer’s perspective, mapping out the emotional journey associated with each step, identifies friction points and areas for empathetic design. For example, a seemingly efficient online ordering process might be perceived as impersonal and frustrating if it lacks clear communication or personalized support options. Tracking customer wait times across different channels, such as phone queues, email response times, and website load speeds, reveals areas where delays may be causing customer frustration and eroding empathy.
Optimizing processes to minimize wait times and provide timely communication demonstrates consideration for the customer’s time and emotional state. Analyzing error rates and complaint patterns associated with specific processes identifies areas where process failures are negatively impacting customer experiences and generating negative emotions. Improving process reliability and accuracy reduces customer frustration and builds trust. Utilizing process automation strategically to streamline repetitive tasks and free up human agents to focus on more complex and emotionally demanding customer interactions enhances the overall empathy capacity of the organization.
Automation should augment, not replace, human empathy. Designing processes with proactive communication and personalized touchpoints embedded throughout the customer journey demonstrates a commitment to empathetic engagement at every stage. This moves beyond reactive customer service to proactive customer care.
In the intermediate stage, data-driven empathy strategies involve a deliberate and systematic approach to leveraging various data sources ● CRM, market research, employee feedback, and operational data ● to gain a deeper, more nuanced understanding of customer emotions. It’s about moving beyond surface-level metrics to uncover the emotional narratives embedded within the data, informing strategic decisions and operational improvements that foster genuine empathy at scale.
Data Source Customer Service Interactions |
Type of Data Qualitative, Textual |
Empathy Insights Customer pain points, frustrations, unmet needs, emotional language |
SMB Application Analyze support tickets, chat logs, email transcripts for recurring themes and sentiment. |
Data Source Sales Interactions |
Type of Data Qualitative, CRM Data |
Empathy Insights Customer motivations, hesitations, personal contexts, reasons for lost deals |
SMB Application Review sales notes, call summaries, CRM entries for emotional cues and customer narratives. |
Data Source Social Media Listening |
Type of Data Qualitative, Public Sentiment |
Empathy Insights Real-time public perception, brand sentiment, unfiltered customer opinions |
SMB Application Monitor social media channels for brand mentions, hashtags, and sentiment analysis. |
Data Source Website Analytics |
Type of Data Quantitative, Behavioral |
Empathy Insights User behavior patterns, areas of confusion, usability issues, search queries |
SMB Application Analyze bounce rates, heatmaps, scroll maps, and website search data. |
Data Source Surveys and Polls |
Type of Data Qualitative & Quantitative |
Empathy Insights Customer emotions, motivations, feedback on specific experiences |
SMB Application Design surveys with open-ended questions focused on customer feelings and motivations. |
Data Source CRM Data |
Type of Data Quantitative & Qualitative |
Empathy Insights Customer history, interaction logs, purchase patterns, segmented profiles |
SMB Application Utilize CRM for personalized communication, journey mapping, and sentiment integration. |
Data Source Market Research |
Type of Data Qualitative & Quantitative |
Empathy Insights Customer motivations, values, emotional drivers, unmet needs, competitor analysis |
SMB Application Conduct focus groups, interviews, empathy mapping, and sentiment-focused surveys. |
Data Source Employee Feedback |
Type of Data Qualitative, Internal Perspective |
Empathy Insights Frontline employee insights on customer emotions, process empathy gaps |
SMB Application Implement feedback mechanisms, analyze employee reports, and conduct internal empathy mapping. |
Data Source Operational Data |
Type of Data Quantitative, Process-Oriented |
Empathy Insights Process workflows, wait times, error rates, complaint patterns |
SMB Application Analyze process data from customer perspective, map emotional journeys, and optimize for empathy. |

Strategic Empathy Ecosystems
For businesses aspiring to leadership within their sectors, empathy transcends individual interactions; it becomes a strategic ecosystem, deeply interwoven into the organizational DNA. This advanced stage involves sophisticated data analytics, predictive modeling, and ethical considerations, shaping not only customer experiences but also internal culture and long-term business strategy.

Predictive Empathy Through AI and Machine Learning
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning Meaning ● Machine Learning (ML), in the context of Small and Medium-sized Businesses (SMBs), represents a suite of algorithms that enable computer systems to learn from data without explicit programming, driving automation and enhancing decision-making. (ML) offer unprecedented capabilities for predictive empathy, moving beyond reactive customer service to proactive anticipation of customer needs and emotional states. Analyzing historical customer data ● CRM interactions, purchase history, browsing behavior, sentiment data ● using ML algorithms can identify patterns and predict future customer needs and potential emotional triggers. Predictive models can forecast customer churn risk based on subtle shifts in sentiment or behavior, allowing for proactive empathy interventions to prevent attrition. AI-powered chatbots, trained on vast datasets of empathetic communication, can handle routine customer inquiries with personalized and emotionally intelligent responses, freeing up human agents for more complex and sensitive interactions.
Sentiment analysis algorithms, advanced with natural language processing (NLP), can detect nuanced emotional cues in customer communications ● sarcasm, frustration, excitement ● with greater accuracy and contextual understanding. Personalized recommendation engines, driven by AI, can go beyond product suggestions to anticipate customer needs holistically, offering solutions that align with their values and emotional priorities. Ethical considerations are paramount in AI-driven empathy. Transparency in data usage, avoiding manipulative or intrusive applications of AI, and ensuring human oversight are crucial for maintaining customer trust and preventing algorithmic bias. The goal is to augment human empathy with AI, not replace it, creating a synergistic approach that enhances both efficiency and emotional connection.
Advanced empathy is about building systems that not only understand current customer emotions but also anticipate future needs and emotional landscapes.

Ethical Data Governance for Empathy
Ethical data governance Meaning ● Data Governance for SMBs strategically manages data to achieve business goals, foster innovation, and gain a competitive edge. becomes a critical component of advanced empathy strategies, ensuring that data is collected, analyzed, and utilized in a manner that respects customer privacy, autonomy, and emotional well-being. Transparency in data collection practices is essential. Customers should be informed about what data is being collected, how it is being used for empathy enhancement, and have control over their data preferences. Data anonymization and pseudonymization techniques protect customer privacy while still allowing for valuable insights to be derived from aggregated data.
Algorithmic fairness and bias mitigation are crucial in AI-driven empathy systems. Algorithms should be regularly audited to ensure they are not perpetuating or amplifying existing biases that could lead to discriminatory or unfair treatment of certain customer segments. Data security Meaning ● Data Security, in the context of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, represents the policies, practices, and technologies deployed to safeguard digital assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. and protection against breaches are paramount for maintaining customer trust and safeguarding sensitive emotional data. Robust data security measures Meaning ● Data Security Measures, within the Small and Medium-sized Business (SMB) context, are the policies, procedures, and technologies implemented to protect sensitive business information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. and compliance with data privacy regulations are non-negotiable.
Establishing clear ethical guidelines for the use of empathy data, involving stakeholders from across the organization, ensures that empathy initiatives are aligned with core values and ethical principles. Regularly reviewing and updating data governance policies in light of evolving technologies and ethical considerations is essential for maintaining responsible and sustainable empathy practices. Ethical data governance Meaning ● Ethical Data Governance for SMBs: Managing data responsibly for trust, growth, and sustainable automation. is not a constraint on empathy innovation; it is the foundation upon which sustainable and trustworthy empathy ecosystems are built.

Integrating Empathy Data into Corporate Strategy
Integrating empathy data into corporate strategy moves empathy beyond a functional concern to a core strategic driver, influencing product development, marketing, organizational culture, and long-term business vision. Customer empathy insights should inform product innovation, guiding the development of products and services that not only meet functional needs but also resonate emotionally with target customers. Marketing strategies should be crafted based on deep empathy understanding, moving beyond transactional messaging to emotionally resonant brand storytelling and value-based communication. Organizational culture Meaning ● Organizational culture is the shared personality of an SMB, shaping behavior and impacting success. should be intentionally shaped to prioritize empathy, fostering an internal environment where employees are empowered to practice empathy both internally and externally.
Leadership development programs should incorporate empathy training, equipping leaders with the emotional intelligence skills necessary to cultivate an empathetic organization. Key performance indicators (KPIs) should be expanded to include empathy metrics, measuring not only customer satisfaction but also customer emotional connection Meaning ● A deep, lasting bond between SMB and customer, driving loyalty and growth. and loyalty. Strategic partnerships and collaborations should be pursued with organizations that share a commitment to empathy and ethical business practices, creating a broader ecosystem of empathetic value creation. Long-term business vision should be grounded in empathy, envisioning a future where business success is inextricably linked to positive social impact and genuine human connection. Empathy becomes not just a tactic for customer retention but a guiding principle for sustainable and purpose-driven business growth.

Empathy as a Driver of Automation and Scalability
Empathy, counterintuitively, becomes a driver of automation and scalability in advanced business models. By deeply understanding customer emotions and needs, businesses can automate routine interactions and processes in a way that enhances, rather than diminishes, the customer experience. Automation, when guided by empathy data, can personalize customer journeys at scale, delivering tailored experiences to individual customers without requiring manual intervention for every interaction. AI-powered self-service tools, designed with empathy in mind, can resolve common customer issues efficiently and effectively, providing instant support and empowering customers to find solutions independently.
Proactive customer service, triggered by predictive empathy Meaning ● Predictive Empathy, in the realm of SMB growth, automation, and implementation, represents the capacity to anticipate a customer's needs, concerns, and emotional reactions before they are explicitly voiced. models, can anticipate customer needs and offer assistance before issues even arise, creating a seamless and emotionally supportive experience. Data-driven personalization in marketing automation allows for targeted and relevant communication, avoiding generic blasts and delivering messages that resonate with individual customer preferences and emotional contexts. Operational processes, optimized based on empathy insights, can be automated to minimize friction and maximize customer convenience, creating a smoother and more empathetic customer journey. Scalability, achieved through empathetic automation, allows businesses to extend personalized and emotionally intelligent experiences to a growing customer base without sacrificing quality or human connection. Empathy-driven automation is not about replacing human interaction entirely; it’s about strategically allocating human resources to high-value, emotionally complex interactions while leveraging automation to enhance efficiency and personalization across the customer journey.
- AI-Powered Predictive Empathy ●
- Utilize machine learning to analyze customer data and predict future needs and emotional states.
- Implement AI chatbots trained on empathetic communication for routine inquiries.
- Employ advanced sentiment analysis for nuanced emotional cue detection.
- Develop personalized recommendation engines aligned with customer values.
- Ethical Data Governance ●
- Ensure transparency in data collection and usage for empathy enhancement.
- Implement data anonymization and pseudonymization techniques.
- Audit algorithms for fairness and bias mitigation.
- Establish robust data security measures and ethical guidelines.
- Strategic Empathy Integration ●
- Inform product innovation with customer empathy insights.
- Craft emotionally resonant marketing strategies and brand storytelling.
- Shape organizational culture to prioritize empathy internally and externally.
- Incorporate empathy training into leadership development programs.
- Expand KPIs to include customer emotional connection and loyalty metrics.
- Empathy-Driven Automation and Scalability ●
- Automate routine interactions to enhance, not diminish, customer experience.
- Personalize customer journeys at scale through data-driven automation.
- Implement AI self-service tools designed with empathy in mind.
- Utilize proactive customer service Meaning ● Proactive Customer Service, in the context of SMB growth, means anticipating customer needs and resolving issues before they escalate, directly enhancing customer loyalty. triggered by predictive empathy models.
- Optimize operational processes for customer convenience and reduced friction.
In the advanced stage, empathy becomes a strategic differentiator, deeply embedded in the organizational fabric and amplified by sophisticated technologies. It is about building an empathy ecosystem that leverages data, AI, and ethical governance to create sustainable competitive advantage, drive innovation, and foster genuine human connection Meaning ● In the realm of SMB growth strategies, human connection denotes the cultivation of genuine relationships with customers, employees, and partners, vital for sustained success and market differentiation. at scale. The future of business leadership resides in the ability to not just understand data, but to understand the human emotions behind the data, and to build organizations that truly care.

Reflection
Perhaps the most disruptive notion within the empathy-data discourse is the idea that empathy, when meticulously quantified and strategically deployed, risks becoming yet another metric-driven performance indicator, devoid of genuine human feeling. The very act of codifying empathy into data points and algorithms might inadvertently strip it of its authenticity, transforming it into a calculated business maneuver rather than a sincere human connection. Are we in danger of creating empathy simulations, optimized for profit but hollow at the core?
The challenge for SMBs and corporations alike lies in maintaining the human element within data-driven empathy initiatives, ensuring that technology serves to amplify genuine care, not to replace it with a veneer of algorithmic compassion. The true measure of success will not be in the efficiency of empathy delivery, but in the depth and sincerity of the human connections fostered along the way.
Business data enhances empathy by revealing customer emotions, needs, and pain points, enabling tailored, human-centric strategies.

Explore
How Can SMBs Ethically Use Empathy Data?
What Role Does Automation Play In Empathy Enhancement?
Why Is Data Governance Important For Empathy Strategies?

References
- Goleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence ● Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books, 1995.
- Rifkin, Jeremy. The Empathic Civilization ● The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis. TarcherPerigee, 2010.
- Brown, Brené. Daring Greatly ● How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead. Gotham Books, 2012.